What are Pressure Ulcers?

Description of the disease

Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, are ulcers on the skin caused by prolonged pressure on specific parts of the body. They typically occur in people who are immobilized, such as patients in hospitals or elderly individuals.

Classification

• Stage 1 pressure ulcers: skin appears red and may be painful.
• Stage 2 pressure ulcers: skin develops open sores or may damage down to the subcutaneous fat.
• Stage 3 pressure ulcers: damage to muscles and bones, potential for infection.
• Stage 4 pressure ulcers: deep ulcers with tissue necrosis and risk of complications.

Symptoms

• Skin becomes red, tender, or irritated.
• Open sores or wounds appear.
• Some patients may experience pain or burning in the area of the pressure ulcers.

Causes

Pressure ulcers typically develop due to constant pressure on specific areas of the skin, leading to impaired blood flow and inadequate nutrient delivery to the tissues.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pressure ulcers is made through visual examination, as well as clinical tests to assess the condition of the skin and tissues.

Treatment

Treatment of pressure ulcers involves relieving pressure from affected areas, regular repositioning of the patient, treating wounds and ulcers with special ointments and dressings, and the use of anti-inflammatory and anti-infective medications.

Prevention

• Regular changes in body position to prevent prolonged pressure on the same areas of the skin.
• Use of special mattresses and cushions to reduce pressure.
• Skin and tissue care to prevent dryness and irritation.

Physician

For the diagnosis and treatment of pressure ulcers, it is necessary to consult a dermatologist or surgeon.